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The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第2期 页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058
关键词: conservation tillage crop yield soil structure development strategies
陈善广
《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第9期 页码 30-34
航天医学工程是伴随着我国 近40年载人航天的发展,孕育催生的 一门新兴学科,具有特色鲜明的学科 理论体系和实践技术方法。概述了航 天医学工程的体系构成、研究内容和学科特点。
关键词: 航天医学工程 载人航天 系统工程
高焕文,李洪文,姚宗路
《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第9期 页码 35-39
以主动防堵的思路,提高国产 免播机质量与尺寸受限情况下的防堵 性能。先后研制出带状旋耕、条带粉 碎和驱动圆盘3种主动防堵的轻型免 播机,防堵能力强,能胜任高产玉米 地免耕播种小麦,质量316~500 kg/m, 与国产拖拉机匹配,价格为国外免播 机1/8左右。田间对比试验表明,轻型 主动防堵免播机动土量和动力消耗比国 外免播机大一些,但在小麦出苗、长势 和产量上优于国外机器。2006年推广近 2万台,玉米地免耕播种小麦约 40×104 hm2。
Guofang SHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第4期 页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186
关键词: ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental
陈国平
《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第1期 页码 87-89
在干旱、半干旱地区实行免耕覆盖播种耕作制度,可减少蒸发,最大限度地保蓄上一年夏秋降雨,保证全苗,增加产量。同时,由于地面坚实,在秸杆保护,可减少沙尘暴天气;而在夏季,可增加水分的渗入,减缓地面径流,防止土壤冲刷造成河流泥沙淤积,是一项一举三得的重要措施。
傅志寰
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第12期 页码 13-16
近年来我国能源消费增长快、利用效率低的问题比较突出,原有《节能法》已经不能适应当前节能工作的要求。为了推动全社会的节约能源工作,全国人大今年修订了这部法律。文章介绍了修订后的《节能法》基本思路、主要内容和实施后的初步效果。
Building Energy Conservation and Technology
Yi JIANG, Xiaohua LIU,
《能源前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期 页码 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0025-x
CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431
China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.
To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.
Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.
Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).
With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).
We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.
Dawei ZHANG
《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 557-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0077-5
关键词: ecological conservation redline development of energy and mineral resources coordinated development
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1462-y
•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development.
关键词: Water conservation Environmental protection Industry transformation Evenness Sustainable development Dryland
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425
The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.
关键词: ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第4期 页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048
关键词: water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 58-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0688-3
关键词: contingent valuation method questionnaire survey Miyun Reservoir
《能源前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 页码 542-547 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0834-8
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
期刊论文
Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China
Guofang SHEN
期刊论文
Relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and ecological conservation redline
Dawei ZHANG
期刊论文
Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands
期刊论文
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
期刊论文
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
期刊论文
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
期刊论文